Student Loan Repayment – Know Your Options

For the May graduates, 6 months from graduation is time to start repaying your student loans.  The Federal government wants its money back and provides many options for repayment.

First question you need to ask yourself: “Should I consolidate my student loans?

·        PRO: Consolidated loans simplifies your loan repayment by centralizing your loans into one bill, providing one payment, and can lower your monthly payment by providing you up to 30 year to repay your student loans. 

·        CON: You may lose any benefits offered with the original loan.  Once you combine your loans into a Direct Consolidation Loan, it’s a done deal and they cannot be unconsolidated.

After you decide if you are going to consolidate your loans or not, you need to choose a repayment plan.

The Federal Student Aid provides all the information you need to know for Federal Student Aid, Work-Study jobs and grants. Listed below is an overview of Direct Loan and FFEL (Federal Family education Loan) Program Loans repayment plans, noting information regarding repayments, deferments and forbearance. 

There are many companies out there who want to take your money to enroll you in government plans that you could do yourself.  Take caution of offers that seem “too good to be true” --because they probably are.

Overview of Direct Loan and FFEL (Federal Family education Loan) Program Loans Repayment Plans

Repayment Plan	Eligible Loans	Monthly Payments and Time Frames	Quick Comparison
Standard Repayment Plan	Direct subsidized and unsubsidized loans   Subsidized and Unsubsidized Federal Stafford Loans   All PLUS loans	Payments are a fixed amount of at least $50 per month.   Up to 10 years	You will pay off your loan in a shorter amount of time and you will pay less interest, however your payments could be higher.   Consider this plan if you can afford higher payments
Graduated Repayment Plan	Direct subsidized and unsubsidized loans   Subsidized and Unsubsidized Federal Stafford Loans   All PLUS loans	Payments are lower at first and then increase, usually ever two years.   Up to 10 years	You will pay more for your loans over time than under the 10 year plan.   Consider this plan if you expect your income to start off low and then grow over time.
Extended Repayment Plan	Direct subsidized and unsubsidized loans   Subsidized and Unsubsidized Federal Stafford Loans   All PLUS loans	Payments may be fixed or graduated.   Up to 25 years	Your monthly payments would be lower than the 10-year standard plan   Must have at least $30,000 in outstanding Direct Loans OR $30,000 in FFEL Program loans.   Direct Loans and FFEL loans must remain separate.  You cannot combine Direct Loans and FFEL loans to reach the $30,000 threshold.   Must be a “new borrower” as of October 7, 1998   You will pay more interest over a longer period of time than the 10-year plan.   Consider if you have over $30,000 in qualified loans and cannot afford the 10-year or graduated repayment plans
Income-Based Repayment Plan (IRP)	Direct subsidized and unsubsidized loans   Subsidized and Unsubsidized Federal Stafford Loans   All PLUS loans made to students   Consolidation Loans (Direct or FFEL) that do not include Direct or FFEL PLUS loans made to parents	Your maximum monthly payments will be 15 percent of discretionary income, the difference between your adjusted gross income and 150 percent of the poverty guideline for your family size and state of residence (other conditions apply).   Your payments change as your income changes.   Up to 25 years	You must have a partial financial hardship   Your monthly payment  will be lower than payments under the 10-year standard plan   You will pay more for your loan over time than  under the 10-year standard plan   If you have not repaid your loan in full after making the equivalent of 25 years of qualifying monthly payments, any outstanding balance on your loan will be forgiven   You may have to pay income tax on any amount that is forgiven.
Pay as your Earn Repayment Plan	Direct subsidized and unsubsidized loans   Subsidized and Unsubsidized Federal Stafford Loans   All PLUS loans made to students   Consolidation Loans (Direct or FFEL) that do not include Direct or FFEL PLUS loans made to parents	Your maximum monthly payments will be 10 percent of discretionary income; the difference between your adjusted gross income and 150 percent of the poverty guideline for your family size and state of residence (other conditions apply).   Your payments change as your income changes.   Up to 20 years	You must be a new borrower on or after Oct. 1, 2007, and must have received a disbursement of a Direct Loan on or after Oct. 1, 2011.   You must have a partial financial hardship.   Your monthly payment  will be lower than payments under the 10-year standard plan   You will pay more for your loan over time than  under the 10-year standard plan   If you have not repaid your loan in full after making the equivalent of 20 years of qualifying monthly payments, any outstanding balance on your loan will be forgiven   You may have to pay income tax on any amount that is forgiven.
	Direct Subsidized and Unsubsidized Loans   Direct PLUS Loans made to students   Direct Consolidation Loans	Payments are calculated each year and are based on your adjusted gross income, family size, and the total amount of your Direct Loans.   Your payments change as your income changes.   Up to 25 year	You'll pay more for your loan over time than under the 10-year standard plan.   If you do not repay your loan after making the equivalent of 25 years of qualifying monthly payments, the unpaid portion will be forgiven.   You may have to pay income tax on the amount that is forgiven.
Income Sensitive Repayment Plan	Direct Subsidized and Unsubsidized Federal Stafford  Loans   FFEL PLUS Loans   FFEL Consolidation Loans	Your monthly payment is based on annual income.   Your payments change as your income changes.   Up to 10 years	You'll pay more for your loan over time than you would under the 10-year standard plan.   Each lender's formula for determining the monthly payment amount under this plan can vary.

 

Above Average in Student Loan Debt?

The numbers are out for the class of 2011 and two-thirds of the graduating class graduated in debt. If you are an average borrower, you owe $26,600, exceeding the class of 2010 by 5%, Was it worth it? In 2011, the unemployment for college graduates was 8.8% while unemployment of high school graduates was at 19.1% so the employment number would say yes.

So you decide to go to college. How do you reduce the amount of money you will borrow, have a good time, and graduate? Here are a few ideas.

1. Graduate on time or early. An extra year of college can cost you can $50,000 or more. To calculate the cost of that extra year, add your tuition, fees and books to your potential starting salary. Say that your tuition, book, and fees are $20,000 and your starting salary is $30,000; that extra year cost you $50,000. This number could be higher or lower depending on where you attend college and your career. Just for fun, calculate your own cost of an extra year of college. If you were to graduate in 3 years, you just saved $50,000!

2. Go to a college you like with a major you like. Transferring from one school to another can cost you an extra semester or year, depending upon what credits transfer and how credits are applied. If you do transfer, check with your advisor or Registrar’s office to make sure that all credits transferred and were applied correctly.

3. Do your homework when picking a college to find out what the average student loan debt is for that institution. Some colleges work very hard to offer students work-study money and enabling students to graduate either debt free or with small student loan amounts. College of the Ozarks, Knoxville College, and Berea College are strongly committed to students graduating debt free.

4. Apply for scholarships and grants. Grants and scholarships do not have to be repaid. Great places to check are fastweb.com as well as with local organizations or employers who might grant scholarships. If you were to calculate the time you invest in researching opportunities and the funds you receive, you will be surprised at your hourly wage.

5. Take 15-18 credits per semester. To be classified as a full-time student, you must be enrolled in 12 credit-hours per semester. However at many colleges, you can take 15 or 18 credit at the same cost of taking 12 credits. That is like getting two classes a semester for FREE! You will have to work harder and you don’t want your GPA to slip, but consider maximizing your schedule so you can graduate early or take extra classes for a second major.

6. Take college level classes while in high school. In many high schools, student can have dual enrollment in both their high school and in a college. Many of these partnerships are with local community colleges. The high school pays for the class and the student can graduate with college classes. Who knows, you might be able to graduate high school as a college sophomore, completing enough college classes while in high school.

7. Talk to your admissions counselor and financial aid representative. These two contacts can be worth their weight in gold in looking for strategies for reducing college debt and increasing scholarships and grant awards. They know the inside and are usually more than willing to help you put together a plan to pay for college.

8. Take classes at your local community college. Most institutions will transfer in 62-64 credit hours if transferring from a community college; some institutions will take more. Work with the institution that you want to transfer to when you register for your community college courses. This will ensure that the courses you take at the community college will apply directly for your degree completion at the 4-year institution. I would encourage you to save the e-mail or have it in writing on what courses will transfer. Not every advisor is up to speed on transfer courses.

9. Create and live by a budget. College can be very expensive with a lot of extra-curricular activities. College should be fun, but some of that fun can be expensive. Know the opportunity cost of your fun and look for inexpensive alternatives. With your budget, you may not need all the money from your awards letter. It is okay not to borrow all the money you can while in college.

10. Start a 529 College Savings Plan. The earlier you start savings, the more time the money has to grow. Saving for College.com has details on every state’s 529 plan and college savings plan. Do your research and start saving early. An old saying states that “The best time to plant an oak tree was 20 years ago. The next best time to plant an oak tree is today.” Get started today saving for college.

There are many different routes to your college education and they don’t all have to be expensive. Take time to choose the right one for you.

What other strategies do you have for lowering your student loan debt? Leave us a comment and share your idea.

Paying for College – Your Award Letter

Sallie Mae just released a study conducted by Ipsos Public Affairs titled “How America Pays for College 2012”. The burden is shifting to the student, up from 25% in 2009 to now 34% in 2012.  As a student, after you complete the free application for Federal Student Aid (FAFSA) form and send it to your school, the school will send you an award letter, stating scholarships, grantos, work study, and amount available through federal subsidized and unsubsidized student loans. As you start the fall semester, it is a good time to start paying on your student loans. How are you going to pay?

If you borrow money for college, you should take advantage of subsidized federal student loans before unsubsidized federal and tap private student loans as a last resort. The difference between these options is that the interest of a subsidized student loan does not accumulate until you are done with school while the interest in an unsubsidized student loan starts to accumulate while you are still in college. Private student loans have the highest interest rate; the interest and payments start immediately. But, should you borrow all you can while in college?

To me, the answer is ‘No’ to borrowing. Take full advantage of grants and scholarships – you don’t have to pay those back, but be careful of how much you borrow. Loans have to be repaid. If you don’t need it, don’t borrow it. This will require you to create and stick to a year-long budget. Once you create a budget, you can determine how much you will need to borrow for college. You can also work on campus through work-study programs which will help reduce the amount you need to borrow.

With total student loan borrowing exceeding total credit card borrowing in the United States, as a student, you will want to take a hard look at how much you should borrow for your education. Student loan money is not free money and the less you borrow, the less you will have to pay back. Complete a budget for college and seriously consider how much you need tn borrow when you get your awards letter from your school. I challenge you not to take your full award if you have to borrow on subsidized, unsubsidized or private student loan. However, if you need the money to stay in college, borrow the minimum amount so you can graduate on time.

Student Loan Bill

Congress is getting the idea....maybe.  The Wall Street Journal’s article “Trying to Shed Student Debt” inspired this blog.  The article states that Senator Dick Durban is proposing a bill that would allow forgiveness of "private" student loans in bankruptcy so that private lenders will become more cautious about making student loans. Federal student loans would not be forgiven.

I have two problems with this legislation: 1) it is an uneven playing field. Why should private lenders have different standards than government lenders? 2: this is treating the symptoms, not the cause. The causes, as I see them, are many and complicated but the top three are the high cost of education, lack of financial literacy, and lack of personal responsibility.

1. The high cost of education. Reduced government support and increased college cost, along with a recession has left college more expensive and students with less in savings. We also need to ask if a college education is a benefit only to the student or to society as well.  If we determine that society benefits from a well-educated workforce and community, then we, as part of this community, need to make a commitment of help keep the cost of higher education affordable to everyone. This means increasing government financial support to education.

2. Financial literacy or lack thereof.  We need a financially literate society, where individuals know how to make wise financial decisions.  This starts with parents teaching and involving their children in decisions about money.  We all need to be reminded that money is it a limited resource with opportunity cost, that you have to make tough choices about needs and wants, and that every investment has risks and rewards.  A college education is an investment with risk and rewards, and the calculated pay-back, return on investment (ROI), should be considered when choosing a major and/or career.  Will my ROI be greater if I attend a two-year technical or community college, attend a private college or university, or attend a public college or university?  One has to be realistic about future income potential when taking out student loans.  Even with the best major and the best education, no job or future income is guaranteed.  You have to work hard to get the job, salary, and career that you want.

3. Personal responsibility.  If you borrow money, you need to be responsible and pay back your loan.  This needs to be communicated to students at the time they take out a loan.  Just like the CARD act, where your credit card statement tells you how long it will take to pay off your credit card, students need to be aware of their future payments, the time it will take to repay the loan, and the total cost of interest on the student loan.  When they sign their student loan documentation, they are signing away part of their future income for a minimum of 10 years!  They need to be fully aware of the cost of repayment, and the opportunity cost for the next 10 years of repayments; the opportunity of buying a house, car, or going on vacation.

As I stated in the beginning, there are a lot of causes to high student loan debt and hopefully these three ideas can be implemented to treat the cause, not the symptoms.  If you like this idea and want to work for solutions to the problem, not reacting to the symptoms, please forward it on to your congressional representative and/or the White House. The e-mail for the House of Representative can be found at http://www.house.gov/representatives/ , your Senator’s at http://www.senate.gov/general/contact_information/senators_cfm.cfm 

or contact the White House at http://www.whitehouse.gov/contact/submit-questions-and-comments.

High Cost of STD (STudent Debt)

Can you believe that both agree!?! Yes, it might be really cold and someplace is freezing over, but President Barack Obama and Mitt Romney both agree that student loan interest rates should not be increased.  This would keep current interest rates at 3.4%, not raising them to 6.8% on July 1^st.   By not increasing the rate on student loan interest rates, the government is stating that it will “cost” $5.9 billion.

Woo, wait just a minute-- did anyone question that figure?  Being an old banker, we tried to have a 3%-4% spread on money; the cost of deposits verses the cost of loans to make money.  The government can borrow money (cost of deposits) at almost zero percent, yet they are charging 3.4%.  Even the ten-year treasury is at 2%. Not a bad positive spread.  I also just financed a new car for 60 months at 1.9% at my local credit union.  Why is the government charging so much on student loan interest and want to raise it even higher?

I know, the “cost” of $5.9 billion is really forgone profit if rates were higher. Yes, I am very bias towards higher education and feel that this is the way we can recover from our recession and the only way to continue to be a leader in the world.  China, India and other countries are catching up or have caught up in technology and education.  We need an educated nation to survive and thrive in the future.

According to the Federal Reserve Bank in New York, it estimates that about 15 percent of Americans (not students) have outstanding student loan debt totaling $870 billion.  Other estimate student loan amounts as high as $1 trillion ($1,000,000,000,000.00) Yes that is a lot of zeros!  This amount exceeds the total borrowed on credit cards and auto loans according to the New York Times. Two thirds of the student loan debt is held by people under 30. The average 2011 graduated walked across the stage with over $25,500 in student loan debt.  Is this our next housing bubble that will put us in another recession?

How do student loans affect students?  Living back with parents, not buying houses, cars, delaying marriage, and the list goes on.  If we truly believe that education is an investment and benefits society as a whole, as well as the individual, we need to keep it affordable and attainable. Here is a short, fun little video about the effects of STDs (STudent loan Debts)  Enjoy the video; don't play the lottery.

College Debt or a New Car?

I was talking with a colleague the other day about student loan debt. She shared back "Perhaps we are thinking about student loan debt in the wrong way. We will go into debt $20,000 - $40,000 or more for a new car and not think twice. But we start to panic when a student graduates with $20,000 - $40,000 in debt. The car will last 6-10 years, but your education will last a lifetime."

Now I don’t want you to go into debt to finance your college education if you don’t have to, but I want you to think of your college debt as an investment that will last a lifetime. In Chris Farrell’s article “College Degree Still Worth the Cost Despite the Risk”, he quotes a study at the Booking's Institute that shows the return on investment for a college degree has been about 15% a year for the past 60 years. Not a bad return if I do say so myself, given the stock market has only shown a 6.8% return on investment over the same time period.

However with college, like any investment, there is risk involved. If you are looking at college as just a way to get a higher paycheck, there is a risk that a job may not be waiting for you when you graduate. In fact, your financial return may differ based on your major. So the question is “How much should I borrow to finance my education?”

Think about it this way…what kind of car do you want to drive, and be able to afford 10 year after you graduate? Look at others in your future profession to see what they drive. If they are driving Mercedes, BMW, Audi and Lexus, then they have a relatively high income and therefore they can go into greater student debt based on their future earnings potential. However, if you see professionals in your chosen field driving used cars that just get them from point A to point B, your profession may have a lower earnings potential and you may not be able to repay high students loans easily.

My suggestion is not to borrow any more money than 1-2 times the cost of the car driven by the professionals in your field 10 years after they graduated from college. Yes, I know, many who are 10 years out of college are driving a mini-van, SUV or crossover to haul the kids around, but is it a new loaded car or used-vehicle? This rule of thumb will help you keep your student loans to a reasonable amount based on your future earning potential.

There are many different calculators you can use to see what your earning potential will be, the likelihood of employment, what your take-home pay will be, cost of living, etc., but I like looking at cars. Let me know what you think this 'calculator' to estimate a reasonable amount of student loan debt.

OWS, Student Debt, Tuition Increases and Tuition Free Colleges

Higher tuition, more student loans, and greater access to higher education…what do we do? The Occupy Wall Streeters (OWS) say they are not going to repay student loans and are demonstrating on college and university campuses.  In today’s Inside Higher Ed daily updates, there is an article about how their energy might be misplaced.  This article argues that college and university administrator’s hands are tied because states are cutting funding to higher education and students are demanding quality student services and education.  They are feeling that their only or best choice is to raise tuition and fees, which ultimately increases the debt burden for college graduates.

According to DiplomaGuide.com there are 10 colleges and university with $0 tuition.  Yes that is right, $0.00 in tuition.  Perhaps we should look at these institutions to see if we can apply some best practices to reduce the cost of higher education.  Many require students to work on campus.  College of the Ozarks nicknamed “Hardwork U” requires 15 hours/week of work from the student to graduate tuition-free.  Berea College offers every student a full-tuition scholarship and a laptop computer while attending Berea and work-study to offset food, room and board.

Higher education is not free.  It is expensive to pay for buildings, professors, administrators, support staff, research and everything that makes college “the best years of your life.”  So the question is “how do we lower the cost of higher education without additional taxes and reduced quality of education and services?”

My answer is YOU!  Did you graduate from college?  Did you benefit from college?  If so, it is time to give back.  You can give back to a specific scholarship, start a scholarship, name a building or give to the general fund.  You can ask anyone who asks for donation, the amount is not important, but it is important that you get in the habit of giving.  We are all at different places in our financial lives, so whether you give $1 or $100 million, just give. This holiday season, think about giving your college or university a gift.  Contact your alumni association or foundation to see how you can help reduce the cost of higher education and designate your money to the area where you believe it would do the most good.

If you value higher education, and if our society values higher education, we need to put our money where our mouth is and give back.  College and university administrators, faculty and staff — You have a huge responsibility to do as your donors wish and be good stewards of the resources you are charged with managing.  That not only includes the fiscal responsibility, but the education you provide in the classroom and the support services in housing, recreational services and every service to the students. You are charged with providing the highest quality education and experience at a reasonable price.

I hope you have a happy holiday and take time to reflect on your personal values and where your money goes.  I’ve always said, “If you want to see what people really value, look at their checkbook and see where they spend their money.”  I hope your values and your checkbook are in agreement.

OWS: Repay Student Loans?

Occupy Wall Street (OWS) protesters have decided not to pay back students loans as a way to protest the high cost of higher education.  Is this a good idea?  Check out what Prof Bob has to say.

Credit, Debit or Cash - Holiday Shopping

Black Friday is less than a week away and there is no place I would rather NOT be than shopping at 4:00 a.m. when the stores open.  I will be in my bed sleeping off a good Thanksgiving meal of smoked turkey and ham with all the fixings.   But as we get into the season of spending, shopping and giving; here are some ideas to keep in mind.

When shopping for gifts make a list and check it twice.  Find out where you can get the best deal and make a budget for your gift giving. This may be a tougher holiday season financially so it is even more important than ever to keep both hands on your purse strings as you walk into stores playing holiday music and seeing displays that say “buy me!”  Using cash and the envelope system of budgeting keeps you within your budget.

Using credit cards provide some protection, however you may be tempted to spend beyond your budget. Credit cards are governed by the Fair Credit Billing Act which provides you specific rights to dispute your credit card charges when your purchases are not delivered as agreed.  You can also build rewards for using your credit card, whether airlines miles, cash back or points to use how you would like.  The major downside of using a credit card is that if you keep a balance, you could make the holidays last all year long or longer, trying to pay off what you purchased.

Cash and debit cards can keep you from having the credit card holiday hangover.  You will not receive monthly bills of unpaid balances.  This also helps you stay within your budget.  If you don’t have the cash, don’t buy it.  Debit cards do not offer the same as credit cards. Debit cards are regulated by the Electronic Funds Transfer Act (a federal law), and you only have a specified time to dispute charges.  If you wait too long, you may lose all of your money.

If you use cash, be sure you hang on to your receipts and keep track of what and where you spend money.  Sometimes my wallet is like a black hole.  I put money in and I don’t know where it went. Receipts can also help you in returning items.

You can also make holiday gifts if you have the time and talent, but that is a blog for another day. We hope you all have a great holiday season, spend your money, time and talents wisely and -- get a quiet moment to reflect on your blessings. Happy Thanksgiving!

Is Student Loan Forgiveness the Answer?

President Obama announced changes to the “Pay As You Earn” plan on Wednesday, October 26, 2011 that would/could ease the repayment of student loans. According to the College Board, the average public in-state tuition rates are increasing 8.3 percent for the 2011-12 year.

President Obama pointed out that the average college graduate owes $24,000 in student loans and that the 2011 graduates have an average debt load of $27,300. USA Today reported that outstanding student loans will reach $1 trillion ($1,000,000,000,000) before the end of the year. Currently, student loan debt in America has surpassed credit card debt. Is this our next financial crisis?

The highlights of the “Pay As You Earn” plans or income-based repayment plans are to:

·        Start this option is 2012 (vs. 2014)

·        Cap student loan payments to 10% of discretionary income (vs. 15% )

·        Forgive any remaining balance after 20 years (vs. 25 years)

·        Support consolidation of direct government student loans with government-backed private loans helping an estimated 5.8 million people. This would essentially allow refinance the private loans at lower government rates.

According to a White House fact sheet, a teacher $25,000 in debt and earning $30,000 a year will see their payments reduced to about $114 a month.

Student loans do not go away in bankruptcy unless under extreme circumstances and it looks like this could be one alternative to help people who have a lot of student loan debt. Current repayment plans include the options of 1) Standard Repayment plan of 10 years with a minimum payment of $50.00; 2) Extended Repayment plan if you have more than $30,000 in Direct Loan debt -repayment over 25 years; 3) Graduated Repayment letting you start out with low payments and increase your payment amount every two years; 4) ‘income contingent’ and 5) ‘income-based’ repayment plan.

As you take on student loan debt, you have to decide if and how you will be able to repay your loan. These new changes may not be right for everyone, especially if you do not have a lot of student loan debt and you get a high paying job after graduation.

Borrow wisely, study hard, have fun and pick the right repayment plan for you.

Bankruptcy and Student Loans

If you're having serious trouble paying back your student loan debt, bankruptcy is not a likely alternative for you. Student loans are usually not eligible for discharge from bankruptcy.

If you're having trouble making any of your payments, the first step is always to contact your lender, be honest and try to work toward a realistic payment plan. The lender would much rather be paid over a longer period of time then for you to default on repayment of your debt.

If your student loans are the largest part of your debt, you are better off to contact your student loan lenders and see if you can arrange an easier repayment plan or deferment of payments, over bankruptcy.

Bankruptcy filings stay on your credit report for 10 years and will likely limit your ability to get a mortgage, borrow money, or get a job. 

Student Loan Default Rate Increases

Is the education worth the debt?  Is it worth going an extra year so you can work while going to college and not take on debt? First, a college education is worth the cost, but you have to look at the potential ROI (Return on Investment).  Different careers pay varying wages. With higher earnings, you are able to pay back a larger student loan debt with fewer sacrifices. 

The U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics (BLS) publishes an OccupationalOutlook that lists occupations, the education required, and the potential salary range.  According to the BLS, the high your education, the more money you will make and the less chance you will be unemployed.  Choose your education, career and debt load carefully.

The cost of an extra year of college could be more costly than taking out a loan and finishing on time. To calculate this cost, add together the cost of tuition and books for one additional year of college plus your potential future salary, and then subtract your current salary.  If tuition and books cost $30,000 and your future salary is $35,000 upon graduating, and you are making $15,000 now, that extra year cost you $50,000 ($30,000 + $35,000 - $15,000).  Can you better afford the fifth year of $50,000 or take out a loan to get done in four years?

Choose your institution carefully.  You may think that private 4-year colleges and universities are the most expensive but if you calculate the true cost (tuition, room and board minus any grants and scholarships) it might be close to the cost of a state school.  If adding in the cost of getting done in four years compared to five or six, and placement rates for their graduates, it may be less expensive to attend a private college or university.

You can also receive credits from your local community college and usually transfer the credit to a 4-year college or university.  If considering this option, talk to the college or university you are planning to transfer to make sure all of your community college credits count towards graduation.

Using the Federal data for the 2009 cohort, the highest default rate for colleges and universities offering baccalaureate or above degrees is for for-profit schools with a 15.4% default rate, followed by public colleges or universities at 5.2% and then private colleges and universities at 4.5%. Student loan defaults do not go away on your credit report.

Being a federal loan, the government has more power to garnish wages (up to 25% of your wages), keep your federal and state income tax refunds, take your future lottery winnings, and garnish part of your social security.  Student loans are rarely discharged in bankruptcy.  So once you borrow the money, you will have to pay it back! 

If you are having trouble making your student loan payments, check out www.studentloans.gov for information on deferment of payments. You can also check out a Wall Street Journal video for more information on student loan defaults.